Background:
The Paris Agreement in 2015 was a landmark in the fight against climate change. After years of negotiating, every one of the 196 countries, plus the European Union, all Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), agreed on a set of principles to curb greenhouse gas emissions and tackle climate change head on.
The aim of the Paris Agreement is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure that global temperatures don’t rise more than 2C above pre-industrial levels this century, and ultimately pursue a scenario where temperature rise remains below 1.5C
NDC stands for a Nationally Determined Contribution. For the Paris Agreement goals to be achieved, every country needs to play its part. Because countries have different circumstances, resources and abilities, the agreement was designed so each country defines their own pledges, in terms of what they can contribute to the 2030 Agenda. These country pledges are the NDCs. Each country produced a document outlining these contributions and how they will be achieved. Nearly all the NDCs include a target to reduce CO2 emissions by a certain amount over a given time. Most of them also highlight how climatic changes will affect their country, and how they intend to adapt to these changes. The last decade was the hottest in history. Critical new research has also emerged since 2015 demonstrating the potential devastating impacts of a 1.5o rise in temperature. In 2021, the devastation of COVID-19 has made the whole world more vulnerable to shocks and changes and illustrated the potentially severe effect of global crises.
A critical aspect of the Paris Agreement is that every five years, countries are required to update their national pledges with more ambitious targets.
NDCs Progress in Sudan.
Sudan’s current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) has been prepared before the adoption of the Paris Agreement (PA) in Dec 2015, however, it includes ambitious contributions, in line with Art.3 of the PA, on both climate change mitigation and adaptation. After the entry into force of the PA and the recent adoption of work programme for its implementation, Sudan decided to further develop its NDC and building an enabling environment, to access international finance and technical support to implement its determined contributions. This would enable Sudan to transition its development sectors into a more resilient and low emission pathway, in line with the objectives of the PA and the national development priorities. Following Climate promise planning guideline, UNDP has developed the first NDC report under the autopsy of UNDP of Sudan in 2021. The NDC2020 document was then submitted for approval by the highest government authority (Higher Council for Ministry) but unfortunately and due to political circumstances, the report was not endorsed. The Climate Promise II offered new opportunity to Sudan to continue its mission on tackling NDC cause, building on the previous experience.
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